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After nearly two decades of internal conflict and insurrection, the Imperial Court regained its political power in 1868 through the help of several clans from Chōshū and Satsuma – and the Empire of Japan was established. Japan entered into a long period of isolation in the early 17th century, which was ended in 1853 when a United States fleet pressured Japan to open to the West. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, particularly from Western Europe, has characterized Japan's history.įrom the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled in the name of the Emperor by successive feudal military shōguns. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Īrchaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world with over 38 million people. About 13.8 million people live in Tokyo, the capital of Japan. 90.7% of people live in cities, while 9.3% live in the countryside. The population of approximately 126 million is the world's eleventh largest, of which 98.5% are ethnic Japanese. Japan is the 2nd most populous island country. The country is divided into 47 prefectures and unofficially into eight regions, with Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost prefecture. The stratovolcanic archipelago has five main islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and Okinawa which make up about 97% percent of Japan's land area. Japan is the world's 4th largest island country and encompasses about 6,852 islands. The kanji that make up Japan's name mean 'sun origin', and it is often called the "Land of the Rising Sun". Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian continent and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea in the south. 'State of Japan') is an island country in East Asia. Japan ( Japanese: 日本, Nippon ( listen) or Nihon ( listen) formally 日本国, Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, lit. Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy